{"id":2816,"date":"2024-07-19T17:11:53","date_gmt":"2024-07-19T09:11:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yr.junj.cc\/?post_type=blog&p=2816"},"modified":"2025-02-25T11:47:21","modified_gmt":"2025-02-25T03:47:21","slug":"circuit-breakers-in-photovoltaic-technology","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.yroele.com\/vi\/news\/circuit-breakers-in-photovoltaic-technology","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u1ea7u dao DC l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u, c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1eaft nhanh d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, ch\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i, ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch. C\u1ea7u dao l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u 1000V, c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u1ea7u dao<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch (t\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Anh: Circuit-breaker, Circuit Breaker) d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng, mang v\u00e0 ng\u1eaft d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u1ea1ch b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng, mang v\u00e0 ng\u1eaft d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u1ea1ch b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p theo ph\u1ea1m vi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. N\u00f3i chung, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p tr\u00ean 3kV l\u00e0g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n cao \u00e1p.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. Khi ch\u00fang b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng ho\u1eb7c ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec v\u00e0 r\u01a1le qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nh\u00ecn chung kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn sau khi ng\u1eaft d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. Hi\u1ec7n nay, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. C\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y c\u1eaft<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1) H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ea5m pin n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi: V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ea5m pin n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh, b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch DC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ea5m pin kh\u1ecfi h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng do qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch. C\u1ea7u dao DC1000V c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1eaft d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n khi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea1t 1000V, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

2) S\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n: V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a xe \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m s\u1ea1c t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh. B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch DC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u1ecfi nguy c\u01a1 qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea3n m\u1ea1ch. B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch DC1000V c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea1c an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/span><\/p>\n

3) H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng pin gia \u0111\u00ecnh: \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng pin gia \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch DC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng pin kh\u1ecfi h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng do qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch. B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch DC1000V c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng pin.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7u dao DC trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u00e0 c\u1ea7u dao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho m\u1ea1ch DC \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao, c\u1ea7u dao DC1000V c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ea5m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1eafc quy gia \u0111\u00ecnh. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7u dao DC, m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n trong nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi nguy c\u01a1 qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea3n m\u1ea1ch, n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n cho ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7u dao AC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf c\u1ea7u dao DC hay kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch AC v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch DC l\u00e0 hai lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u1ea7u dao AC v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u dao DC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf nhau. Sau \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u chi ti\u1ebft l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea7u dao AC kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf c\u1ea7u dao DC.<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c nhau: C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u dao AC v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u dao DC. B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch AC s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch. B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch DC c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn cho c\u1ea7u dao AC kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho DC. .<\/span><\/p>\n

2. \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ch kh\u00e1c nhau: AC v\u00e0 DC c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ch kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3, trong khi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u lu\u00f4n duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u. Do \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a DC n\u00ean m\u00e1y c\u1eaft DC c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao h\u01a1n. B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch AC th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea5p, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch DC. 3. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eadp h\u1ed3 quang kh\u00e1c nhau: H\u1ed3 quang l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7nd\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n sinh ra khi ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n. H\u1ed3 quang DC kh\u00f3 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft h\u01a1n h\u1ed3 quang AC, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u1eaft l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u1eadp h\u1ed3 quang ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch AC th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch AC c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eadp t\u1eaft h\u1ed3 quang t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch DC m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa c\u1ea7u dao AC v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u dao DC v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n.\u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eadp h\u1ed3 quang v\u00e0 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn chung, c\u1ea7u dao AC v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u dao DC c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd, \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf nhau. Khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea7u dao, c\u1ea7n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea7u dao ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p t\u00f9y theo lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch DC c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ch DC kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c nguy c\u01a1 qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7u dao DC trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u, ACc\u1ea7u dao kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf c\u1ea7u dao DC.<\/span><\/p>\n

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C\u1ea7u dao DC l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u, c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1eaft nhanh d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, ch\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i, ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch. C\u1ea7u dao l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u 1000V, c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":3047,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"blog_category":[19],"class_list":["post-2816","blog","type-blog","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","blog_category-news"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yroele.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog\/2816","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yroele.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yroele.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/blog"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.yroele.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog\/2816\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3637,"href":"https:\/\/www.yroele.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog\/2816\/revisions\/3637"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yroele.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3047"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yroele.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2816"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"blog_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yroele.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog_category?post=2816"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}